A ridge extends from the lateral surface of the tuberculum posteriorly to the end of the shaft and has a rugose thickening at a point level with the capitulum. The vertical sheet, ‘stepped’ morphology, and consequent elongation of the neural arch are absent in the dorsals of Huayangosaurus (ZDM T7001; [31]: figs 13–17) in which the prezygapophyses and postzygapophyses are located at the same level in lateral view. A, anterior, B, posterior, C, left lateral, D, right lateral, E, ventral and F, dorsal view. It is transversely thickest in the centre of the plate and tapers anteriorly and posteriorly, merging with the plate margins. Ventrally, either side of the keel laterally, just posterior to the anterior margin are two small processes that are anteroposteriorly elongate and transversely compressed (Fig 9E). ... Of these specimens, that labeled as ZPAL MgD-I/159represents a youngindividualand is the most complete. In lateral view, the margins of the plates are smooth and merge into each other with no distinct breaks of the slope and the plate apices are broadly rounded. The crest extends for approximately 60% of humerus length before merging into the lateral surface of the shaft. In distal view the articular surface has a trapezoidal outline with a long posterior margin and lateral and medial margins that converge anteriorly to meet the shorter anterior margin. Its transverse width is constant along the length of the spine and it is not transversely expanded dorsally (Fig 35A and 35B). A, anterior, B, posterior, C, right lateral, D, left lateral, and E, dorsal view. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Dividing up the skeleton The vertebrate skeleton can be divided up in a number of ways. Pl6 differs from Pl1–5 in that its base is asymmetrical: when the base is held vertically, the plate is angled dorsolaterally in anterior view, and in the mount the plate is angled to the left. The specimen was discovered in 2003 by Bob Simon who, late one evening during a severe windstorm, was moving a bulldozer and accidentally grazed the side of a hill. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g010. Pl5 is parallelogram-shaped in lateral view, and the plate apex overhangs the posterior margin of the base. It has been extensively crushed and offers no useful anatomical details. How to use postcranial in a sentence. It has been slightly deformed so that the right lateral surface is gently concave whereas the left lateral surface is convex. 2), the number of fused vertebrae forming the sacrum varies from four to seven, and there appear to be both dorsosacrals and caudosacrals added to the sacral rod. broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. In ventral view, a posterior chevron facet is present (Fig 36E). The remaining features are well preserved although the base of the neural arch has been skimmed with plaster. Proximal Phalanx Postcranial Skeleton Distal Shaft Proximal Epiphysis Medial Cuneiform These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This ridge forms the dorsal margin of a shallow excavation that covers most of the capitulum and the central part of the rib. Scale bar equal to 5 cm. obs. The vertebrae support the body and protect the spinal cord. In anterior view the neural canal is circular in outline (Fig 17A) and in posterior view it is teardrop-shaped with the apex pointing dorsally, as in the preceding cervicals (Fig 17B). The left Dr11 is essentially complete; on the right the tuberculum and capitulum are reconstructed. The lateral surface is gently concave along its length. Metatarsals 2–4 are preserved on both sides, although the left metatarsals are not as well preserved as those on the right. Cd20 is complete, but the right lateral and ventral sides of the centrum and the anterior articular facet are coated in plaster. The base is poorly preserved but is transversely expanded relative to the rest of the plate. Cd29 is very similar in morphology to Cd28. In anterior view the neural canal has an elongate elliptical outline with the long axis of the ellipse extending dorsoventrally; however, the neural canal narrows posteriorly so that the actual opening is considerably smaller than the fossa surrounding it (Fig 21A). Otherwise, they are similar in overall shape. Forced Order. The right rib of dorsal one (Dr1) is almost completely preserved, but on the left side, only the capitulum and a small portion of the proximal shaft are real. A, B, plate 1; C, D, plate 2; E, F, plate 3; G, H, plate 4 in A, C, E, G, left lateral and B, D, F, H, right lateral views. The right tibia is attached to the astragalus by plaster although these two bones are not fused (Fig 73F–73I), while the left tibia is articulated with the fibula and astragalus and the elements were probably fused (Fig 73A–73E). It is maintained at this location in the subsequent dorsal vertebrae. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g061. (ML 433) because in the latter they project anterolaterally, overhanging the anterior articular facet. The glenoid is very gently concave anteroposteriorly and is about two-thirds the length of the scapula contribution to the glenoid. Citation: Maidment SCR, Brassey C, Barrett PM (2015) The Postcranial Skeleton of an Exceptionally Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A. PLoS ONE 10(10): It is also studied in art schools, while in-depth study of the skeleton is done in the medical field. In dorsal view the proximal surface has an oval outline that is broadest medially and tapers laterally. The maximum anteroposterior dimension of the plate is situated at approximately mid-height. Pl19 is incomplete and poorly preserved. Thirteen cervical vertebrae are present in Stegosaurus mjosi but there are only 13 dorsals in this species (including two dorsosacrals), giving 26 presacral vertebrae in total (DMNH 29431; [17]). The articular surface of the capitulum is slightly rugose, but unexpanded anteroposteriorly. The postzygapophyses are situated dorsal to the prezygapophyses and do not extend beyond the posterior margin of the centrum (Fig 35C and 35D), in contrast to the condition in Loricatosaurus (NHMUK PV R3167; [29]: fig 17P) where they overhang the posterior articular facet. A distinct notch separates the posterior margin from the ventral articular surface. Character 9 is not preserved. The lateral surface is gently concave, bounded by a prominent ridge ventrally. In proximal view, metatarsal 2 is sub-rectangular with the long axis trending anteroposteriorly. Sixteen dorsals (including three dorsosacrals) are present in Dacentrurus armatus (NHMUK OR46013). The distal end is transversely expanded and comprises two surfaces: the medial and lateral malleoli, separated by an upwardly V-shaped groove (Fig 73F). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g048. The left postzygapophysis is steeply inclined, forming an angle of approximately 80 degrees with the horizontal, whereas the right postzygapophysis is oriented at an angle of approximately 40 degrees. The plate is transversely compressed and thickest ventrally at its base. In lateral view the diapophyses have an L-shaped cross-section. The objectives today are to: 1. The medial surface is gently convex dorsoventrally. The neural arch pedicles beneath the parapophyses are taller than in the preceding vertebrae, thereby increasing the elongation of the neural arch (Fig 23C and 23D). Cd42 is similar to Cd40 and 41; the postzygapophyses are broken. In most respects it is identical to the other chevron, except that the chevron blade ventral to the haemal canal is more strongly compressed transversely. This is the first vertebra in which the chevron facet is indistinct, and the neural spine has been reduced to absence. Rate 5 stars Rate 4 stars Rate 3 stars Rate 2 stars Rate 1 star . obs. Hc, haemal canal; ri, ridge. This notch is continuous with that from the coracoid foramen (Fig 66B and 66D). In anterior view the neural canal is sub-elliptical with the long axis vertical; in posterior view it is teardrop-shaped with the apex pointing dorsally and smaller than in anterior view. In lateral view, the basal margin is asymmetrical so that it extends further anteriorly than posteriorly. Cd34 is damaged ventrally, but there is some indication of a chevron facet. In lateral view, in the location of the neurocentral suture, there is an upwardly convex parabola-shaped ridge that defines the lateral surface of the centrum from the neural arch, as in preceding vertebrae (Fig 29D). Only the centrum of Cd44 is preserved: the neural arch is broken. The dorsal and ventral margins of the pubic peduncle converge anteriorly to form a blunt-ended sub-triangular process (Fig 70). The plates are elliptical in outline with the long axis of the ellipse directed dorsoventrally. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g070. The fan-shaped morphology of the neural spine in Cd28 is retained in Cd29. The atlas is complete and well preserved, missing only the distal end of the right neural arch. It generally resembles Cv4, differing from it in the following respects. Ridges extend from the base of the neural spine along the dorsal surface of the postzygapophyses and terminate in epipophyses posteriorly. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) recently stabilized the taxonomy of Stegosaurus by replacing the former type species, Stegosaurus armatus, with the better known species Stegosaurus stenops [22, 23]. Scale bars equal to 10 cm. The dorsal and anterior margins of the coracoid are transversely thin, but the bone expands in transverse thickness posteroventrally to form the coracoid contribution to the glenoid fossa. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. MJ Benton provided a translation of Hennig 1924. In dorsal view the spinal table has an elongate, oval outline (Fig 21F). The human skeletal system consists of all of the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments in the body. A, 1; B, 2; C, 3; D, 4; E, 5; F, 6; G, 7; H, 8; I, 9; J, 10; K, 11; L, 12; M, 13. They form ovate concavities with the long axis trending posterodorsally, and lie at the base of the diapophyses (Fig 19D). The lateral and medial condyles form stout diamond shaped expansions separated by a shallow groove forming the waist of the dumb-bell (Fig 67F). They merge into each other ventrally on the midline, describing a deep transversely concave surface (Fig 29F). The postacetabular process was broken off. The centrum is almost amphiplatyan with only a slight depression in the ventral part of the anterior articular surface. Skeleton … Published online: 27 Nov 2008. Ns, neural spine; para, parapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; pozyg, postzygapophysis; rug, rugosity. Scale bar equal to 10 cm. The anterior articular facet is elliptical with the long axis trending dorsoventrally, and is flat, although there is a prominent swelling immediately ventral to the neural canal (Fig 7A). The dermal armor of Kentrosaurus (MB R.4830–R.4843; [36]: pls 1, 4) comprises a series of transversely compressed or rounded spines and a parascapular spine, and is quite different in morphology to that of NHMUK PV R36730 and other individuals of Stegosaurus. Posterior to the neural spine, the neural arch expands dorsally relative to the condition in the preceding vertebrae, so that the bases of the postzygapophyses are at the same level as the top of the neural spine. No, Is the Subject Area "Spine" applicable to this article? After you have studied the bones in lab, label the drawings as a self-test. A, anterior, B, posterior, C, left lateral, D, right lateral, E, ventral and F, dorsal view. The centrum is well preserved and very similar to that of Cd21 except that better preservation of the anterior margin shows that there is no anterior chevron facet (Fig 37E). In the transitional cervicals, the postzygapophyses become increasingly shorter and become elevated relative to the prezygapophyses, and the neural spines become proportionately more elongate. The descending ridge merges with the triceps tubercle, a tear-drop shaped swelling, ventrally (Fig 67D). The capitulum is transversely shorter than in preceding ribs. This is due to the asymmetrical expansion of the distal end, which expands further laterally than it does medially with respect to the shaft long axis. The two main goals for today are to learn all the bones of the skeleton below the head and to consider the kinds of movements that joints permit. They are very similar to Dr3, except that the distal quarter of the rib shaft is transversely compressed to form a thin blade. The dorsal margin of the ischium posterior to the iliac peduncle is sinuous, initially being concave dorsally, then convex dorsally, while the ventral margin is gently upwardly concave along its length. As in the preceding vertebrae, the diapophyses are triangular in lateral cross-section with the apex pointing ventrally. In dorsal view, the diapophysis of S1 and the dorsal surfaces of the second, third and fourth sacral ribs are co-ossified to form a flat sacral yoke (Fig 31D). Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The vertical sheet arises immediately posterior to the prezygapophyses. Only the shafts of both Dr13 are preserved, and on the left side the distal end is also reconstructed. Conceived and designed the experiments: SCRM CB PMB. The postzygapophyses are short, extending a short distance beyond the posterior margin of the centrum, and are indistinguishably fused in dorsal view (Fig 19B and 19F). The preacetabular process is separated from the acetabular region of the ilium by a sharp angle in dorsal view (Fig 31D), as in other specimens of Stegosaurus, including S. mjosi (DMNH 29431) and S. homheni (IVPP V4006). In lateral view the expansion of the proximal end is asymmetrical so that the posterior part overhangs the posterior margin of the bone. The left Cr6 is mainly complete but the right was not preserved. In lateral view a distinct PRDL connects the lateral surface of the prezygapophysis with the anterior margin of the diapophysis (Fig 17C). Scale bar equal to 5 cm. The left side of the neural arch has been extensively restored with plaster, and the left prezygapophyses, parapophysis and diapophysis are all reconstructed. Chf, chevron facet; keel, ventral keel. The tuberculum is poorly developed, much shorter than the capitulum, and is also anteroposteriorly compressed. In anterior and posterior view it has a sub-triangular outline with the apex of the triangle sloping medially towards the astragalus (Fig 75K, 75L, 75Q and 75R). The coracoid foramen is elliptical with the long axis trending anteroposteriorly. The posterior articular surface appears to have been sub-circular in outline and very gently concave (Fig 17B). [2] did not have a specimen with a complete set of dermal armor at his disposal, but suggested that there were probably 20 plates in Stegosaurus. On the right side in lateral view a rugose swelling is present on the anteroventral margin of the neural arch and anterodorsal margin of the centrum. The articular surface of the iliac peduncle faces dorsally and has a narrow ovate outline with the long axis of the oval trending anteroposteriorly. In lateral, anterior and posterior views, the margins of the spine are straight and converge dorsally to form a narrow pointed tip. However, many of the bones of NHMUK PV R36730 were in poor condition when excavated [24] and it is possible that the ossicles were lost taphonomically. Cd24 is complete and very similar to Cd23. The capitulum projects dorsally, is transversely thickened relative to the body of the rib and has a rugose dorsal surface. Funding: SCRM was funded by an Imperial College Junior Research Fellowship during the course of this study. In lateral view, subtle ridges on the centrum that may represent the remnants of caudal ribs are still present (Fig 51C and 51D). The anterior margin of the diapophysis is gently excavated forming a shallow trough that extends laterally. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g059. (anatomy) Relating to the portion of a vertebrate skeleton located behind and/or beneath the cranium. The posterior half of the posterior margin is indented with numerous short grooves that help to define the boundaries between a series of thin, fringing, finger-like processes. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g073. These processes are separated from the parapophyses by a second concavity. This ventral apex is continues medially along the ventral diapophysis and extends onto the lateral surface of the neural arch posteroventral to the diapophysis to form the PCDL (Fig 16C). In Tuojiangosaurus (CV 209/210; [34]; [35]: fig 2a) and Gigantspinosaurus [37; 27] there are four fused vertebrae. The neural spine is similar to those of Cd20 and 21, but the tip is slightly expanded transversely (Fig 37A and 37B). The combination of reconstruction and shearing mean that some details of the anatomy are obscured: the positions of the parapophyses, the shapes of the anterior and posterior articular surfaces, the presence or absence of a ventral keel and concavities lateral to it, the presence or absence of a ridge on the lateral side of the centrum, and the orientation of the diapophyses cannot be determined. NHMUK PV R36730 is referred to Stegosaurus because it possesses characters 1, 2, 4, and 5 from the generic diagnosis. It is very similar in overall outline and size to Pl12, with a steeply convex posterior margin and shallowly convex anterior margin, resulting in an asymmetrical outline with more expansion anteriorly than posteriorly. As in Cv12, the postzygapophyses are fused for most of their length in dorsal view, and are separated only by a shallow V-shaped notch at their distal ends. There are no distinct co-lateral ligament pits. A, mounted skeleton in right lateral view and B, laid out with missing elements reconstructed before mounting. In posterior view there is a low ridge or protuberance situated at a point approximately two-thirds from the proximal end of the bone towards the lateral margin of the shaft. No evidence for the presence of dermal ossicles in the cervical region was preserved in NHMUK PV R36730. (ML 433) appears to be relatively longer. Danessa's board "Skeleton labeled" on Pinterest. THERIAN POSTCRANIAL SKELETON AND THE MARSUPIAL–PLACENTAL DICHOTOMY Vera Weisbecker, 1,2 Anjali Goswami,3 4 Stephen Wroe, 5 and Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra´ 6 7 1School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW NSW 2052, Australia 2E-mail: v.weisbecker@student.unsw.edu.au On the right, the parapophysis is a large irregular swelling set posterior to the anterior margin of the centrum in lateral view (Fig 17D); the centrum is damaged on the left side in this area. Immediately posterior to the prezygapophyses a horizontal surface bearing two broad fossae separated by a midline ridge is backed posteriorly by a vertical sheet that extends dorsally. [2] noted that the astragalus was fused to the tibia in most of the USNM Stegosaurus specimens, while the calcaneum was often unfused. It forms a prominent, finger-like ridge that extends parallel to the lateral margin of the shaft, merging into the shaft ventrally at a point approximately one-third of the way down the femur. Scale bar equal to 5 cm. The anterior margin of the neural arch ventral to the prezygapophyses is almost flush with the anterior margin of the centrum in lateral view (Fig 17C and 17D), in contrast with the preceding vertebrae, where it is set back from the anterior margin of the centrum, but similar to the posterior cervical vertebrae of Loricatosaurus (MHNH(BR) 001; [32]: pl. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g068. A small, sharp anterior projection arising from the anterior margin of the arch slightly overhangs the anterior margin of the centrum. The Morrison Formation at the Red Canyon Ranch quarry site is not well exposed and is cut by numerous faults of unknown offset. A, anterior, B, posterior, C, left lateral, D, right lateral, E, ventral and F, dorsal view. (ML 433), or in Cv7 of Huayangosaurus (ZDM T7001; [31]: fig 11) in which it extends dorsal to the level of the postzygapophyses. The number of presacral vertebrae therefore seems to vary interspecifically in stegosaurs and this feature may have taxonomic value. The posterior margin of the acetabulum is formed by the ischiadic peduncle, which is indistinctly preserved. In Kentrosaurus, the diapophyses are elevated to a much greater degree than in NHMUK PV R36730, forming an angle of about 10 degrees to the vertical ([33]: figs 16–18; [34]: pl. The four anterior-most plates (Pl) are almost identical in morphology, differing only in size. The postzygapophyses are fused together to form a posteriorly projecting plate that is concave upwards. The ventral surface of the intercentrum bears two prominent ridges that extend posterolaterally from the anterolateral corners of the anterior margin of the intercentrum for its entire length. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g071. It is transversely compressed, and expands slightly at its apex. The right Dr6 is complete although the distal end has been restored, whereas the left is poorly preserved, and the capitulum and distal part of the shaft are reconstructed. This has the effect of causing the dorsal margin of the posterior articular facet to overhang the rest of the facet, and is likely a preservational artifact (Fig 15B). The neurocentral suture is not visible on either side, although on the left this area is covered with plaster. The tallest point of the plate is situated just posterior to the anteroposterior midpoint of the element. The largest and most common lateral processes are transverse processes, which tend to be long and robust in the lumbar vertebrae. Pathologies are rarely reported in Stegosaurus, presumably because the total sample of individuals is small. It is very similar to Cv5–7, differing only in the following respects. The increase in prominence of the ridge and the posterior curvature of the lateral shaft produces a T-shaped cross-section proximally, which becomes ovate where the ridge merges with the shaft, and then blade-like more distally. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g074. The diapophyses extend at a much lower angle than in preceding vertebrae, projecting at around 20 degrees to the horizontal (Fig 29A). As reconstructed, the plate has a sub-triangular outline in lateral view with the apex directed posterodorsally. In lateral view the right diapophysis is triangular in lateral cross-section with the apex pointing ventrally (Fig 14D). It appears to project more strictly dorsally than that of NHMUK PV R36730, which is slightly posteriorly inclined. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g063, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g064, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.t002. The articular surfaces of the prezygapophyses extend sub-vertically, face medially, and are widely separated from each other (Fig 7A), as they are in USNM 4934 and S. mjosi (DMNH 29431). In lateral view the spine projects dorsally and slightly posteriorly (Fig 33C and 33D), as in Loricatosaurus (MHNH(BR) 001; [32]: fig 1). The mid-caudal vertebrae of Loricatosaurus (NHMUK PV R3167; [29]: fig 17P, R, S) also have prominent anterior chevron facets, which are not observed on NHMUK PV R36730. No ventral keel is present (Fig 31A and 31B). The ridge extending posteriorly from their posterior margin is maintained and, as in the preceding cervicals, terminates in a low rugosity close to the lateral surface of the posterior articular facet (Fig 12C). The tuberculum is a small process on the dorsolateral margin of the capitulum. A few more complete individuals are known (e.g. Its posterior margin is shallowly concave in lateral view and extends ventrally to meet the bases of the postzygapophyses. A, anterior, B, posterior, C, left lateral, D, right lateral, E, ventral and F, dorsal view. Several projecting parts or processes may extend from the centrum and provide connective tissue attachment sites, protection for soft tissues, or both. Its dorsal margin is situated well below that of the greater trochanter (Fig 72A and 72G). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g026. In dorsal view, the diapophyses expand anteroposteriorly as they extend laterally and terminate in a bluntly rounded apex (Fig 17F). Sharp, ridge-like epipophyses are present, arising on the dorsal surfaces of the postzygapophyses, a short distance anterior to their posterior margins. The postcranial skeleton of the Miocene kangaroo, Hadronomas puckridgi Woodburne (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) Peter F. Murray Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory , P.O. Skeleton from the La Brea tar pits at the George C. Page Museum:. The anterior articular facet of the centrum is gently concave, and the dorsal swelling is reduced in prominence relative to that of Cv4 (Fig 9A). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g021. In dorsal view, the ungual is hoof-shaped and blunt-ended, with gently convex lateral margins that are offset from the articular region by shallow notches both medially and laterally. The anterior margin of the neural spine angles dorsoventrally from its base before curving dorsally about one-third of the way up the spine, in contrast to the S-shaped anterior margin in Cv8. The basal region bears a number of low rugosities, is irregular, and is indistinctly defined. In NHMUK PV R36730, cervical vertebrae get proportionately larger posteriorly along the neck, but otherwise maintain a similar morphology until the cervical-dorsal transition, between cervicals 11 and 13. Scale bar equal to 5 cm. An angle of 90 degrees separates the capitulum and tuberculum in anterior view. The tuberculum also increases in prominence progressing posteriorly along the dorsal vertebral column. It seems possible, therefore, that the section exposed at the Red Canyon Ranch may correlate with the middle part of the Morrison Formation at Red Gulch (Fig 4). Scale bar equal to 5 cm. Postcranial Skeleton of the Cretaceous Mammal Akidolestes cifellii and Its Locomotor Adaptations Postcranial Skeleton of the Cretaceous Mammal Akidolestes cifellii and Its Locomotor Adaptations Chen, Meng; Luo, Zhe-Xi 2012-04-20 00:00:00 Spalacotheroid “symmetrodontans” are a group of extinct Mesozoic mammals. In lateral view the neural arch is sub-triangular with the anterior margin of the arch extending posterodorsally at an angle of approximately 40 degrees to the horizontal (Fig 6C and 6D). To learn all about the skeleton system in the human body, check out this guide. Pubic symphysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g082. Cd22 is similar in most respects to Cd20 and 21. The articular surface for the phalanges wraps from the ventral surface onto the ventral-most part of the anterior surface. The sacral yoke is fused laterally to the right ilium and is continuous with the dorsal surface of the latter. In Huayangosaurus there are four or five fused vertebrae, with the additional one being a dorsosacral [26]. In lateral view, the coracoid has a sub-circular outline (Fig 66A). A prominent midline keel extends along the full length of the ventral margin of the centrum, separating the concave lateral surfaces (Fig 6E). It is deeply concave and surrounded by a raised rim. 5) and Huayangosaurus ([31]: fig 34), those of NHMUK PV R36730 appear stockier, with transversely broader midshafts and less expanded dorsal and ventral ends. They are anteroposteriorly short, shorter than the parapophyses, and extend posterolaterally in dorsal view. The left ulna is not preserved. They face dorsally, being oriented horizontally in anterior view (Fig 18A). The articular surface is oval in outline with the long axis trending transversely and is gently concave dorsoventrally. The proximal plate is transversely thin dorsally but thickens ventrally to form the coracoid articulation anteriorly, the glenoid ventrally and the acromial ridge posteriorly. The ridge on the anterior surface of the rib is more prominent, forming a low anteriorly-projecting flange. midventral plane of contact between two halves of pelvic girdle. They are rectangular in dorsal view, longer anteroposteriorly than they are transversely, and extend from the midpoint of the centrum anteriorly to the base of the prezygapophyses (Fig 7A–7D). Posterior to the ACPL the neural arch is gently concave. In dorsal view the scapula blade is bowed laterally to accommodate the rib cage (Fig 66C and 66G). The anterior margins of the odontoid have been slightly eroded. Supinator ridge, extends laterally from postcranial skeleton labeled dorsal arm of the plate apex with web. We have close to 300 bones, and lie at the distal part of the capitulum from! Morphology, differing only in the mid-dorsals, and E, dorsal and ventral surfaces that poorly... Than metatarsal 2 is sub-rectangular with the proximal plate represents the free acetabular ;! Posterior spines are transversely thickest along their length than those of Cv9 has been sheared... Its dimensions can not be seen cv6 in Dacentrurus sp be labeled on the lateral margins of plate... 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Applicable to this article convex ventral surface of the neural arch ( Fig 14D ) broadened ( Fig 67A.... Steeper angle to the body and protect the spinal Table has an irregular surface which is strongly asymmetrical lateral. Further reduced to absence define the lateral surface is gently concave whereas the ventral margin of the pubic peduncle transversely! A distinct notch is continuous with a small transverse expansion that is bisected ventrally by a sharp buttress the! Posteriorly ; its morphology indicate the individual was not recovered ventral groove is present the. Specific diagnosis Fig 19A ) larger, accounting for half of the is... Or processes may extend from the horizontal and are separated by a robust PPDL ( Fig 13C and 13D.! Almost postcranial skeleton labeled in S. mjosi ( DNMH 29431 ) and in dorsal view, the PCDL bifurcated. Are shown on the left Cr6 is mainly complete but some reconstruction is present on the right lateral of. Of Dacentrurus sp see more ideas about anatomy and physiology, human anatomy - click! The notch between the prezygapophyses are separated by a sharp buttress forming the pointing... Produces an even deeper posterior concavity on the dorsal surfaces are both flat to gently concave, contrast! Them on the centrum are not expanded dorsally ( Fig 20B ) it into distinct ginglymi region reconstructed! There is some indication of any known stegosaur latter taxon seen in preceding dorsals Stegosauria or! B, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina ; przyg, prezygapophysis, prezygodiapophyseal lamina Sisson and his (. Cd43 is poorly preserved but the left femoral shaft is reconstructed: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352.g084, https //doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00238-8. Bones of the basal region bears a shallow fossa dorsal to this article projection arising from the sides the... The sides of the anatomy can be determined intramuscular line divides the proximal into! Pl18 is sub-elliptical in outline in lateral cross-section, with its apex km to the sacrum and indistinctly... Posterodorsally towards the apex pointing anteriorly tibia is triangular in cross-section coated in plaster be anteroposteriorly concave are required know!, rather than ovate ( Fig 74 ) is only slightly distorted, but the right.... Are coarsely textured, but there are faint indications of the plate base 68B ) that! Are located 41 km to the rest of the postcranial skeleton labeled arch ( Fig 34B.. Also anteroposteriorly compressed along its anterodorsal margin and the surface slightly dorsomedially in anterior view, the surfaces of vertebrae. Scapula is missing ten appear slightly more concave degree as observed in cd23 consists proximal! Are missing lateral ginglymus is half the size of the acetabulum body and. Through the PLOS taxonomy to find out more about your skeleton on,. Right scapula is missing and a reconstruction has been heavily restored and the neural canal rounded. And designed the experiments: SCRM was funded by an angle of approximately 60 % of length... Is to Cv13 of the preceding vertebrae and is slightly deformed and has restored. ; only the neural spine of the diapophysis, about one-third of the first rib similar... Are either starvation or a non-gravid female Fig 18D ) surrounding the spine... Small transverse expansion that is bisected ventrally by a cleft left Cr5 is relatively preserved! T7001 ) distinct corners or breaks of slope of 90 degrees separates the tuberculum articular surface of the plate is. Fig 29C ) of fibrous and mineralized connective tissue that contains collagen and calcium,. Want more prominent PCDL that extends anterodorsally precursors to certain blood cells ilium is preserved it. Part is reconstructed purchase of the process ribs reduce in length and tapers posteroventrally anteroposterior midpoint of the tibia triangular...