establishing a factory in a residential area), or preventing access to natural resources (e.g. From Muslim perspective, the Term Allah is preferable than God, not only because it is the proper name of God, but also because the term Allah is not subject to gender or plurality [linguistically]. Islaamiyyah, Aleppo, Syria, 1994, Vol 8, Hadeeth #4990, pp.97-101. They do encourage the study and understanding of natural laws such as the alternation of day and night, forecasting rainfall and astronomical phenomena. What this means varies from one organizationto another. In large companies, corporate lawyers define the business ethicsof a company with specific interest in staying within the bounds of the law. And the moon We have measured for it mansions (to traverse) till it returns like the old (and withered) lower part of date-stalk. That “pin” is normative Islam based on its universally accepted sources and teachings. Life is seen as an integrated and interrelated whole. 30:22. 2. As Ijtihad is a human endeavor, influenced by the needs of time, place and circumstances, such opinions may vary as well. The above quotes from the Qur’an lay down the foundations of the experimental approach and the replacement of conjecture with truth based on firm knowledge, factors which were crucial and decisive in bringing about scientific development. It is presented, rather, as a friend and means of human endeavors on earth. Such a definition does not fully capture the deeper meaning of Tawheed. The Qur’an affirms also the entitlement of reward that is commensurate with effort [7:170; 3:136; 99:7 and 46:19]. 2. Nonetheless, reason is neither irrelevant to the strengthening of one’s faith, nor is it the antithesis of faith. It is believed that the paper will provide a better understanding of Muslim societies in general and Islamic managers in particular. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad, Khuluq Al-Muslim, op.cit., p.6. This call stands in contrast to the philosophical speculations and conjecture. Enabling the implementation of Allah’s Law with a view to saving humanity from misery and suffering. Abdul-Baqi, Sunan Ibn Majah [in Arabic], op.cit., Vol.2, Hadeeth # 2341, P.784.Transl. SOURCES OF ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS There are two sources to be used as a guide to business ethics in Islam, namely the Quran and the Sunnah. As such, ethics is not one of its “compartments”, but something at its very core. 1978. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.” The growing complexity and diversity of business dealings and of life in general, a legitimate question: what defines a normative Islamic position in respect to a new issue or problem which is not directly addressed in the two primary sources of Islam?. We not only need to aspire to follow them unwaveringly, but we also need to understand that applying this “Islamic code of ethics” goes much deeper – we must begin to understand the “why’s” of what is unlawful and comprehend the result of Satan’s whispering that this sin is only transitory. Zakah [charity] as a means of purification; of the giver from greed, stinginess, ungratefulness and apathy; of the receiver from envy and hate of the uncaring well-to –do persons; and of society from injustice, oppression and social instability [9:103]. The term alaqah in (23:14) literally means something that clings or a leech, both are accurate descriptions to the way in which the fertilized ovum clings to the lining of the uterus, and derives its nourishment thereof. It is vital for all Muslim entrepreneurs to instill and cultivate Islamic entrepreneurship as Islam promotes kindness, harmony and justice into all its believers. The Qur’an made it clear that all things on earth are made subservient to human use (not abuse). This broad definition explains why Islam is more than a “religion” in the commonly limited meaning, which concerns itself mainly with the spiritual and ritual aspects of life. (ch 03 Rezaee) Governance, ethics and wellbeing Ethics from Islamic perspective Views of al-Ghazzali on Ethics Ethics may be defined as the set of moral principles that distinguish what is right from what is wrong. This may be illustrated by the instructions of Prophet Muhammad (P) that if the Day of Judgment begins while one is planting a tree, he should complete his task first. The mention of healing connected with honey is an open invitation to examine the medicinal or healing properties of honey. Then He causes to grow therewith produce of various colors: then it withers; you will see it grow yellow; then He makes it dry up and crumble away. Ethical competition: It is lawful for sellers to compete in order to attract buyers. of a prophet is mentioned. Code Of Ethics for the Employees of Islamic Financial Institutions 4 Integrity is a value dear to Islam as one is required to be honest and truthful in their actions. Hence, production is restricted by the following conditions: Whatever arrangement made with one’s “brother”, the message of this In fact, unbiased and correct knowledge leads to piety. Ethical Guidelines for Muslims in Business. “Do they not reflect in their own minds? 31. This is clearly expressed in the Qur’an when it commands its adherents give ”… out of the means which He has given to you” [Qur’an24:33] “and spend out of the sustenance whereof He has made you trustees.” [Qur’an, 57:7]. Now days it is very common practice that people and big companies lie for sailing their products or services. “Charity is not permissible for [someone who is] rich [i.e. At the same time, it is also the Sunnah of the Prophet and Messenger. They are like cattle, nay more misguided; for they are heedless (of warning).” [Qur’an, 7:179], The attitude toward learning is reiterated in numerous sayings of Prophet Muhammad (P) 12, “Seeking knowledge is a mandatory duty on every Muslim.”, “Whoever pursues a way in search for knowledge, Allah will make an easy way for him/her to paradise.” We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you This conception may be summed up in the key term Tawheed; the cornerstone of Islam, the foundation of its ethics and approach to life and the basis of its systems and institutions and the primary determinant of one’s relationship to the natural and social order. It also makes earthly life a ‘test’ or trial. Not for naught have you created (all) this! Muhammad, Khuluq Al-Muslim [In Arabic], Dar Al-Bayaan, Kuwait, 1970. 40. It is those who are endowed with understanding that receive admonition. The story of the “forbidden tree” appears in both the Bible [Genesis , Chapter 3] and in the Qur’an [ e.g. As it is forbidden to consume the unlawful, it is also forbidden to restrict the consumption of the lawful without a valid reason. The problem is not only with interest, but also the violation of the Prophet’s exhortation to avoid unnecessary debt. Knowledge in itself is neither a threat to faith nor is it inconsistent with piety and fear of Allah. Al-Albani, op.cit, Vol 1, Hadeeth #9, P.11. 9. n.d., Vol. 29. These applications are examined in the framework that is familiar to most readers, especially those with background in economics and business; production, consumption and distribution.21. The very first word of the Qur’an revealed to Prophet Muhammad (P) was iqra’ , literally read: “Proclaim! As production of goods and services or any “value added” is part of one’s Saunders Co., Jeddah, 1983 The bounties of Allah embrace all creation. Implementation of Islamic business ethics are closely related and influenced by the teachings of Islam. It is noted that the above quotes deal with the fundamental resources: agricultural, water, fisheries and animal resources. As is the case with any universal religion, a great cultural diversity does exist among them. Orders will be processed speedily and… Productive resources are not to be left idle in the name of private ownership, especially resources that are crucial to the lives of people. 25. This chapter examined the subject from the foundational normative perspectives. 35. 6. ❋   Entrusting property to incompetent and irresponsible people—who may then squander it or destroy it and thus cause conflicts and suspicion. This may explain why Prophet Muhammad [p] said: “ There may someone who gains nothing from his fasting except for hunger and there may be someone who gains nothing from his night prayers except for staying up late, “18, “Anyone who does not desist from falsehood in words and deeds, Allah has no need for him/her to abstain from food and drink”19, Such explanation of the nature and purpose of the essential acts of worship in Islam might have led the noted scholar Muhammad Al-Ghazali to describe acts of worship as “practical drills” on moral behavior.20, As the broader Islamic ethics are anchored in the Islamic worldview, they are also the foundation of specific applications in the economic sphere of life. The vivid flash of His lightning well-nigh blinds the sight.” [ Qur’an, 24:43], “And a sign for them is the night: We withdraw therefrom the day and behold they are plunged in darkness; And the sun runs its course for a period determined for it: that is the decree of the Exalted in Might the All-knowing. Waheed, K.A., Islam and the Origins of Modern Science, Islamic Publication Ltd., Lahore Pakistan, “ Whoever believes in Allah and the [life] hereafter, let him be hospitable to his guest, and whoever believes in Allah and the [life] hereafter, let him not hurt his neighbor, and whoever believes in Allah and the [life] hereafter, let him say something beneficial or remain quite”.17. The outcome of this paper emphasised that, by incorporating Islamic labour code and business ethics based on the principle of maqasid shari[a, business does not only serve as a purely profit-oriented entity but will also be a more socially-responsible entity that will make profit in a responsible and ethical manner by respecting its employees and people within its sphere of influence. Al-Albani, Muhammad N. [complier], Silsilat Al-Ahadeeth Al-Saheehah [In Arabic], Al-Maktab Al-Islaami, Beirut, 1985, Vol.1, Hadeeth #45, P.75. In fact, failure to spend to support one’s family is regarded as sin Commonly, however, credit cards are used as a form of “borrowing” with interest added to the principal. They have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not and ears wherewith they hear not. Riyadh Al-Hadeethah, Riyadh, 1981. That way of living embraces the creedal, spiritual, moral, social, educational, economic and political aspects of life. For more details refer to Badawi, Jamal A, Islamic Teachings, Album II, Islamic Information Foundation, Halifax, 1982, also available in the following Website (www://Islamicity.org./Radio Islam). Seeking Allah’s pleasure, guidance and mercy and avoiding contradicting His Laws. In a clear and amazing reference to embryonic development of the human, we read: “We did create the human from a quintessence (of clay). Justice, honesty, and public welfare are the pillars of Islamic business ethics. ❋   Using one’s partners’ shyness to one’s advantage—and thus not giving them their dues. Abdul-Baqi, Muhammad F., Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, Al-Maktabah Al-Tijaariyyah, Makkah, Islam also has its own distinctive value-based ethical system for business dealings. Islam teaches one’s responsibility before Allah and the belief in resurrection and eternal life, whose nature depends upon one’s actions while on earth. We said to the angels, bow down to Adam. Khan, Muhammad M.[Translator], Translation of the Meaning of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Maktabat Al-Riyadh Al-Hadeethah, Riyadh, 1981, Vol. “Allah loves, when one of you is doing something, that he/she do it in the most And they carry their heavy loads to lands that you could not (otherwise) reach except with souls distressed: for your Lord is indeed Most Kind, Most Merciful. And (He has created) horses, mules and donkeys for you to ride and use for show; and He has created (other) things about which you have no knowledge.” [Qur’an,16:5-8]. 3. into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). As the human is the trustee of Allah on earth, it follows that his/her actions in the social order must be in accordance with the conditions of that trust. It goes beyond that to remove any notion that exploration of the Universe outside the earth is encroachment on Allah’s domain. In addition to the minimum prescribed Zakah, open general charity is much encouraged. This may explain why Prophet Muhammad summed up his mission in the following words: Translated by me. 37. As such, It is useful to begin with an exposition of Islam’s conception of Allah. His Omnipotence imbues material reality with normative content. Avoiding falling into prohibited acts and thereby eschewing sins and evil deeds. your languages and your colors; verily in that are signs for those who know.” Qur’an C.E. These middlemen would then offer to buy such products at a given price which was commonly less than the going market price. “But seek with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on thee, the Home of the Hereafter, Abdul-Baqi, Muhammad F. [editor], Sunan Ibn Majah, Al-Maktabah Al-‘ilmiyyah, Beirut, n.d. Properly implemented, one’s sense of responsibility before Allah avoids the attitudes of “get away with whatever you can so long as you don’t get caught”, or even the attitude of taking advantage of legal or administrative gaps or flaws to maximize one’s utility at the expense of society. It was previously indicated [section V] that the Qur’an clearly and explicitly stimulates research, development and improvement of the quality of life through the wise use and harnessing of the resources which Allah created for the benefit and comfort of the humankind. Urges and instincts, in themselves, act as mechanisms through which the physical survival and perpetuation of the human race are ascertained. These broad principles and precepts, such as social justice, mutual consultation [shura] or moral conduct are not subject to nullification or change. Abdul-Hameed, Muhammad M., Sunan Abi-Dawood [in Arabic], Al-Maktabah Al-Asriyyah, Beirut, It is better, however, to pay in secret. This is based on the instruction of the Prophet : 1. 1, Hadeeth # 425, p. 147.Tramslated by me. This harnessing, in turn requires the acquisition of knowledge and the understanding of Alllah’s creation and bounties, a matter which is regarded as highly commendable by the Qur’an. 5. They may vary even under the same circumstances. 2, Hadeeth # 2225, p.749. Hajj season nears end with no COVID-19 at holy sites, Hajj 2020: What you need to know about this years pilgrimage, 9 inspiring Muslim women shattering stereotypes, Muslim Women Are Fighting To Redefine Islam as a Religion of…, Know These Great Women of Islamic History, 5 Employment Rights Muslims Should Know About, Teachings of the Prophet (pbuh) in regards to doing business, Islamic Principles that Guarantees Business Success. Capital investment is likely to be more productive than extravagant spending, particularly in the long term. The ‘clay’ represents the earthly of carnal elements of human nature. That sense of ultimate responsibility is exemplified in the following Qur’anic warning: “And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. The Qur’an makes it incumbent on its adherents to believe in, love and honor all prophets and Messengers of Allah. Khan, op.cit., Vol. As such, individual and collective decision-making is guided by a time scale, which is not limited by one’s life span, the life of one or more generations, or even the life of all generations. It is the appeal to the person’s conscious, “fear” of Allah and the desire for His blessings in this life and in the life hereafter. The Qur’anic exhortations do not limit themselves to physical resources. It is that “breath” which endows the human with the innate spiritual and moral qualities. beaches or waterways).] Business ethics, sometimes referred to as management ethics or organizational ethics, simply limits its frame of reference to organizations. ❋   Engaging in transactions that involve the exchange of interest to fund projects. Those who conduct business can… One aspect of learning encouraged in the Qur’an is the experimental approach. , No. Indeed, He [Allah] likes not those who commit excesses” [Qur’an, 7:31], “ O believers, do not prohibit the good things that Allah has made lawful to you and do not transgress. It also establishes the unique position of the human as the crown of creation. ❋   Changing the original purpose of the agreement in the event of disputes and interpreting the agreement texts to one’s advantage. The physical, intellectual and spiritual elements in human existence are not regarded as three different compartments They are not necessarily irreconcilable either. But Islamic ethics are very much against this practice. Failure to observe the divinely-defined lawfulness means “following the steps of Satan”. Certain Islamic key practices are to accept sold goods back with Ikhlaas, clearly marking any fault, blemish or distortion in the product, not to make any false claims or praise too much about ones product and transparency and standardisation of the product. 14. and We sent down iron in which is (material for) mighty war, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help His cause and help Its messengers though unseen, for Allah is full of strength, exalted in Might (and able to enforce His will).” [Qur’an, 57:25]. “For the worst of beasts in the sight of Allah are the deaf and the dumb, those who understand not.” [Qur’an, 8:22], “Those who give partners to Allah will say: If Allah had wished we should not given partners to Him, nor would our father, nor should we have had any taboos. business growth, which also are commended by the Islamic imperative. Prophet Muhammad (P) taught that “in [one’s] wealth there are claims other than Zakah.”11. In any case, it refers to the One and Only Creator, Sustainer and Cherisher of the Universe. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. The human is rather, a responsible being with the potential of ascending to a position that is higher than that of angels, or descending to a position that is lower than that animal. The attributes of property in the Qur’an vary depending on the related context. 13. Saunders Co., Jeddah, 1983, Maurice Bucaille, The Bible, The Qur’an and Science, American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, IN, 1978 and Muhammad A. Al-Barr, Khalq Al-Insan Baynal Tibb Wal Qur’an [in Arabic], Third Edition, Al-Dar Al-Saudiyyah, Jeddah, 1981. [Qur’an, 96:1]. As such, the Qur’an does not provide a basis for the notion of “original sin”, commonly founded on the Biblical version of the story. Devotional acts are not meant to restrict one’s pursuit of livelihood. (b) Developing the spiritual and intellectual elements and bringing them into harmony with Divine will through conscious and committed submission to Allah The Arabic term Allah is more correctly a proper name of God. Some Modifications were made when necessary for greater clarity. John Hick and Edmund Meltzer(Eds. Abdul-Hameed, op.cit., Vol. Allah says in the Qur’an , [ For you in the Messenger of Allah, there is a fine example to follow Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was an ideal human being in every respect. The human is regarded as neither a fallen angel nor and ascending animal. Furthermore, a party that may be harmed must be compensated, based on the cardinal rule in Islamic Law that harm must be removed [or compensated if inevitable]. The method of production should not cause an undue and excessive harm to Allah-given resources and bounties for the benefit of all mankind. Muslim Women Are Fighting To Redefine Islam as a Religion of... Islamic Principles in Transactions❋   Ensuring that one has a sincere intention, namely that the object of transactions is to earn a living through lawful means in order to satisfy one’s basic needs and thus to enable oneself better to worship Allah and to shun the worship of wealth—which may otherwise have detrimental effects.❋   Observing high morals in transactions, for doing so testifies to one’s true worship of, and obedience to, Allah and this will certainly help increase one’s earnings.❋   Choosing only lawful projects, even if the profits may be minimal.❋   Choosing good partners and laborers on the basis of good moral conduct, as this is bound to lead to success and help gain more profits.❋   Giving the laborers their dues “before their sweat dries up” to motivate them and to prompt them to work vigorously.❋   Discharging one’s financial obligations to Allah, such as giving. “Say, ‘who has forbidden the adornment of Allah which He produced for His servants and the good [lawful] things…” [Qur’an, 7:32], In order to partake the lawful, spending [Infaaq] is a must. 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