Author Fabio Bordignon states that the very first battles of Beppe Grillo's "people" had their roots relating to but not exclusively: environmentalism and renewable energy; the problems of poverty and precarious employment; the battles against the power of big business and the effects of globalization; the morality of the political sphere and civil rights. [133] In February 2016, the M5S decided not to officially back the proposal of recognition of stepchild adoption for same sex civil partnerships, refusing to take an official stand and gave its parliamentarians freedom to vote their conscience on the matter. [18][19][20], The M5S is variously considered populist,[21][22] anti-establishment,[22][23] environmentalist,[24][25] anti-immigration,[26][27] anti-globalist,[28][29] and Eurosceptic. We strongly encourage you to browse the descriptions below of the various scholarship funds to learn more about specific eligibility criteria in addition to […] [113] The partnership with the UK Independence Party was also decided by online voting, although the given options for the choice of European Parliament group for M5S were limited to Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD), European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and "Stay independent" (Non-Inscrits). [17] Grillo is also formally president of the association named the Five Star Movement; his nephew, Enrico Grillo, serves as vice president; and his accountant, Enrico Maria Nadasi, as secretary. The extremely rich and, hitherto, resilient tapestry of dialects and foreign languages upon which standard Italian has gradually been superimposed reveals much about Italy’s cultural history. During the fourth national meeting held in Genoa on 3 February 2007, Grillo announced his desire to provide an autonomous space during his touring shows for local meetup activists. [123] In the general elections of 2013, the M5S claimed to have rejected over €42 million of public electoral refunds,[124] supporting its expenses for the campaign with crowdfunding through the blog.[125]. The movement wants to be a "democratic encounter outside of party and associative ties and without the mediation of directive or representational organisms, recognising to all users of the Internet the role of government and direction that is normally attributed to a few". These are French, in Valle d’Aosta; German and the Rhaetian dialect Ladino in some parts of the Trentino–Alto Adige; Slovene in the province of Trieste; Friulian (another Rhaetian dialect) and Sardinian, spoken by the two largest linguistic minorities in Italy, received official recognition in 1992. [46] Meetups featured thematic working groups on topics entitled "technology and innovation", "press-communication", "ethical consumerism", "currency study", "no incinerators" and others. [56] On 11 June, De Magistris and Alfano, candidates in all five constituencies, were elected to the European Parliament, resulting in the first and second preferences (of 419 000 and 143 000). Linguistic minorities persisting in the Alps are, broadly speaking, the result of migratory movements from neighbouring countries or changes in the borderline. Belonging to the movement requires the self-reduction of the salaries of the citizens elected. [192], In the 2018 campaign the M5S asserted that they would not have given public money to banks. [103], In the M5S, themes are derived from ecology and anti-particracy, promoting the direct participation of citizens, who converge in the management of public affairs through forms of digital democracy. Vogliamo una piattaforma di collaborazione Wiki - Forum", "Movimento 5 Stelle, la piattaforma che sostituisce LiquidFeedback - Wired.it", "Blog di Beppe Grillo - Portale 5 Stelle", "Il grillino Sorial: "Napolitano boia". Similarities between Lombard and Byzantine states, Carolingian and post-Carolingian Italy, 774–962, Socioeconomic developments in the countryside, The reform movement and the Salian emperors, The southern kingdoms and the Papal States, The southern monarchies and the Papal States, Early modern Italy (16th to 18th centuries), From the 1490s through the 17th-century crisis, Reform and Enlightenment in the 18th century, Political thought and early attempts at reform, The rebellions of 1831 and their aftermath, Politics and the political system, 1870–87, Economic and political crisis: the “two red years”, The republic of Salò (the Italian Social Republic) and the German occupation, Economic stagnation and labour militancy in the 1960s and ’70s, Student protest and social movements, 1960s–1980s, The migrant crisis and the growth of populist movements. On 28 January 2014, Giorgio Sorial, a deputy of the M5S, accused President Giorgio Napolitano of being a hangman who repressed opponents. 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